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Rgrieattare 

Forestry 

{/cteri  t>ar$j  Set  et)  ae 


Vol.  VI  No.  9 

Agrirultural  (EnU^e 
SitUttttt 


East  Lansing,  Michigan 
April  1912 


Published  Monthly  by  the  Michigan  Agricultural  College 

Entered  at  East  Lansing,  Michigan 
as  second-class  matter,  under  act  of  July  16,   1894 


-Our  College  Presidents- 


Joseph  R.  Williams,  A.  M.,  1857-59 
Theophilus  C.  Abbot,  A.  M  ,  LL.  D  ,  '62-84      Edwin  Willets,  A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  '85-89 

Oscar  Clute,  M.  S.,  LL.  D.,  '89-93 
Lewis  G.  Gorton,  M.  S.,  '93-95  Jonathan  L.  Snyder,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  '96- 


College  Calendar 

1912-1913 


9  1  2 — Special    examinations    for 
1912  —  Entrance    examinations, 


Monday,    September     23, 

delinquents. 

Tuesday,    September    24, 

beginning  at  8:00  a.  m. 

Wednesday,  Seplember  25,  1912 — Registration  day. 

Thursday,  September  26,  1912 — Classes  begin  at  8  a.  m. 

Friday,  December  20,  1912 — Fall  term  ends  at  noon. 

Monday,  January  6, 1 9  1  3 — Special  examinations  for  delinquents. 

Monday,  January  6,  1 9  1  3 — Special  short  courses  begin. 

Tuesday,  January  7,  1  9 1  3 — Registration  day. 

Wednesday,  January  8,  1 9 1  3 — Classes  begin  at  8  a.  m. 

Friday,  March  28,  1 9 1  3 — Winter  term  ends  at  noon. 

Monday,  April  7,  191  3 — Special  examinations  for  delinquents. 

Tuesday,  April  8,  1 9 1  3 — Registration  day. 

Wednesday,  April  9,  1 9 1  3 — Classes  begin  at  8:00  a.  m. 

Sunday  June  22,  191  3 — Baccalaureate  sermon. 

Tuesday,  January  24,  1  9 1  3 — Commencement  day.     End  of 

college  year. 

Monday,  September  22,  191  3 — College  year  begins. 


THE  objects  of  the  iHirittaau  Agricultural  (Enllr-gr 
are:  First,  good  citizenship;  second,  to  equip  the 
graduate  with  a  practical  education  which  will 
enable  him  to  turn  his  hand  at  once  to  useful  and 
remunerative  business  or  employment.  Its  graduates  hold 
positions  of  honor,  trust  and  responsibility  in  all  walks  of  life; 
as  representative  farmers  who  take  their, places  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  citizens  of  the  State;  as  prominent  engineers  who 
rank  among  the  best  in  the  country;  as  college  presidents, 
college  professors,  agricultural  and  mechanical  experts  in  the 
government  employ;  teachers  in  colleges  and  high  schools;  as 
dietitians  in  hospitals;  as  expert  foresters  in  government  or 
private  employ;  as  landscape  gardeners,  fruit  growers  and  in 
other  activities. 


ON  THE  RED  CEDAR 


Locat 


ion- 


THE  Michigan  Agricultural  College  is  beautifully  situated  at 
East  Lansing,  just  outside  the  Capital  City,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  an  eleclric  railway.  Lansing,  itself,  is  a  railroad 
center  and  is,  therefore,  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the 
state. 

The  College  is  equipped  with  complete  heating,  lighting  and  water  sys- 
tems, thus  providing  all  the  conveniences  of  the  City 
without    including    its  discomforts. 


NORTH 


ENTRANCE 


History 


THE  ELMS 


T1^  HE  history  of  M.  A.  C.  is  one  of 
growth  and  progress.  Organized 
jgafkjl)  in  185  7,  it  is  the  oldes  ,  and  is 
everywhere  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading 
institutions  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  With 
a  half  dozen  instructors  and  about  1 20  stu- 
dents in  '5  7,  it  has  steadily  grown  until  during  the  present  year 
more  than  1  600  students  have  enrolled,  and  the  eaching  force 
numbers  1  40  members.        New  buildings  and  new  equipmen 

have  been  added  from  time  to 
time,  and  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion point  with  pride  to  the 
rapid  development  along  this 
line,  especially  during  the  last 
ten  or  twelve  years. 

Through  its  short  win  er 
courses,  College  extension  work 
and  farmers'  institutes,  the  Col- 
lege is  each  year  increasing  its 
field  of  usefulness  to  the  people 
of  this  and  other  sta  es. 


THE  HALF-WAY  STONE 
AN  OLD  LANDMARK 


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A  PLEASANT 
DRIVE  NEAR 

THE  RED  CEDAR 


■Courses  of  Instruction 


M.  A.  C.  offers  the  following  courses  leading 
to  degrees: 

Agriculture,  Bachelor  of  Science  [B.  S.] 

Including 

Animal  Husbandry  Dairying 

Horticulture  Poultry  Agronomy 

Engineering,  Bachelor  of  Science  [B.  S.] 

Including 
Mechanical  Civil  Electrical 

Home  Economics,  Bachelor  of  Science  [B.  S.] 

Including 

Domestic  Art  Domestic  Science 

Manual  Training  Music  Physical  Culture 

Forestry,  Bachelor  of  Science  [B.  S.] 

Including 

Forest  Management  Forest    Investigations 

Forest  Technology       Forest  Protection      Practical  Lumbering 

Veterinary  Science,  Doctor  of  Veterinary  Science 
[D.  V.  S.] 

A  complete  course  in  Veterinary  Medicine  leading  to  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Veterinary  Science 


I — Agricultural  Division 


T 


HE  policy  of  the  agricultural  division 
is  to  offer  uniformly  strong  symmetrical 
courses  throughout.  In  order  to  do 
this,  much  effort  has  been  exerted  and 
money  expended  in  strengthening  the  various 
departments.  As  a  result  the  division  is  well 
equipped  with  buildings,  class  rooms,  laborato- 
ries and  equipment  and  facilities  for  useful  and  satisfactory 
work.  This  feature  is  nicely  illustrated  in  the  strength  and 
uniformity  of  development  in  the  live  stock  departments  includ- 
ing poultry,  swine,  sheep,  beef  and  dairy  cattle  and  horses. 
The  horticultural  gardens,  orchards,  nurseries,  etc.,  comprise  a 
complete  natural  laboratory  including  about  45  acres.  Crops, 
breeding  and  testing  operations  include  40  acres.  The  forest 
nursery  student  laboratory  covers  29  acres,  besides  1  35  acres 
of  timber  land.  The  farm  of  332  acres  provides  continuous 
demonstrations  relative  to  crop  rotations,  tillage  methods,  fertil- 
izing, seeding,  harvesting,  fencing,  drainage,  etc.  The  90  acre 
campus  with  its  unexcelled  variety  of  trees,  shrubs  and  plants, 
provides  an  immense  out  door  laboratory  constantly  before  the 
student  as  an  aid  to  studies  in  landscape  gardening,  forestry, 
botany,  entomology,  zoology,  bacteriology  and  many  other 
supporting  sciences. 

During  the  present  year  583  regular  agricultural,  horticul- 
tural and  forestry  students  have  taken  advantage  of  these  op- 
portunities besides  450  short  course  men. 


Agricultural  Education 


T^  HIS  department  has  supervision  of  the  introduction 
of  courses  in  agriculture  in  the  public  high  schools, 
Bu^fflj1    the  preparation  of  courses  of  study  for  rural  schools 
J  and  high  schools,  and  the  preparation  of  teachers. 
Fifteen  high  schools  are  now  giving  courses  in  agriculture. 
These  courses  consist  of  one  unit  in  each  of  the  four  high  school 
grades,  thus  constituting  an  agricultural  department  parallel  with 
the  science  department  in  the  high  school.     Many  more  high 
schools  are  preparing  to  undertake  this  work  in  the  near  future, 
and  it  is  probable  that  at  least  ten  additional  schools  will  be  in 
operation  for  the  year  1912  and  1913. 

In  connection  with  the  high  school  agriculture,  short 
courses  for  farmers  are  given,  and  this  is  rapidly  becoming  a 
valuable  feature  of  the  extension  work  of  both  the  college  and 
the  high  school. 


AT  THE  FARM  BRIDGE 


The  Soils  Department 


T1  HE  agriculture  of  any  region  depends  not  only  upon 
the  soil  of  the  region  but  upon  the  management  of 
the  soil  as  well.  When  lands  are  new,  large  crops 
are  very  commonly  grown  and  often  with  very  care- 
less management  of  the  soils.  In  time  all  this  changes.  Yields 
fall  off  and  the  farmer  finds  that  it  is  only  by  the  most  intelligent 
methods  of  management  that  good  yields  can  be  obtained. 

No  line  of  production  requires  more  intelligent  effort  than 
the  successful  growing  of  crops.      The  soil  is  not  a  simple  mix- 


SUMMER  SCHOOL  OF  PRACTICAL  AGRICULTURE 

ture  of  materials;  it  also  contains  life  forms — some  desirable  and 
some  undesirable.  Essential  life  forms  may  be  absent.  Certain 
conditions  of  soil  moisture,  soil  temperature,  and  soil  ventilation 
are  desirable  that  do  not  always  exist.  The  composition  of  the 
soil  is  not  always  what  it  should  be. 

The  composition,  life  forms,  and  conditions  of  the  soils 
may  be  very  largely  controlled  by  intelligen  management  of 
the  soil.  The  Soils  Department  offers  instruction  along  these 
most  important  lines,  covering  both  practical  and  theoretical 
phases. 


AN  IDEAL  BEEF  TYPE 


Animal  Husbandry 


T 


HE  work  of  the  Department  of  Animal  Husbandry 
deals  with  both  practical  and  scientific  problems,  the 
aim  of  the  courses  offered  being  to  give  the  student 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  all  live  stock  problems  en- 
countered on  the  farm  and  markets.  As  at  present  outlined  all 
courses  are  given  in  two  hour  periods,  one  hour  of  which  is 
devoted  to  lecture  and  recitation  the  other  hour  to  practice  and 
demonstration  in  the  judging  pavilion  or  at  the  barns.  In  this 
way  the  student  becomes  familiar  not  only  with  the  principles 
of  live  stock  selection  and  management  but  a'so  with  their 
application  to  the  every  day  problems  of  the  farm. 

The  work  of  the  Department  does  not  end  with  the 
student  but  aims  to  solve  many  of  the  problems  of  the  farm 
through  replies  to  inquiries  received  from  all  parts  of  the  State. 


Dairy  Husbandry 


THE  twenty-five  years  just  passed  have  witnessed 
many  very  radical  changes  in  the  dairy  industry  as 
carried  on  in  the  United  States.  The  invention  and 
perfection  of  dairy  machinery  have  revolutionized 
methods  of  handling  and  manufacture.  The  improvement  and 
development  of  the  dairy  cow  as  an  economical  producer  of 
human  food  has  increased  dairy  production  and  given  more 
efficiency  to  the  former  herds.  Our  better  knowledge  of  foods 
and  food  requirements  has  increased  the  consumption  of  raw 
milk  and  dairy  products  generally.  The  preparation  which  a 
dairy  farmer  and  a  creamery  butter  maker  and  cheese  maker 
or  a  market  milk  producer  received  twenty-five  years  ago  would 
be  entirely  inadequate  for  a  person  of  his  vocation  today.  These 
changes  which  have  come  to  the  dairy  industry  have  therefore 
revolutionized  dairy  instruction  along  with  dairy  practices. 

In  the  training  of  her  students  for  the  dairy  business  the 
Michigan  Agricultural  College  will  see  that  they  receive  instruc- 
tion in  the  basic  sciences  which  underlie  this  great  industry  and 
will  further  give  them  opportunity  for  study,  practice  and  inves- 
tigation in  this  field  which  will  equip  them  for  competent  dairy 
producers  or  prepare  them  for  butter  or  cheese  manufacture, 
or  make  them  capable  dairy  inspectors. 


A  PART  OF  THE  DAIRY  HERD 


Farm  Crops 


A"^  THOROUGH  knowledge  of  crop  production  is 
fundamental  to  successful  farming  of  whatever  type. 
In  the  several  courses  in  farm  crops  attention  is  given 
to  the  more  important  principles  as  related  to  crop 
production  and  the  practical  application  of  the  same  to  field 
conditions.  The  characteristics,  culture,  harvesting,  etc.,  of  the 
principal  cereal,  forage,  root  and  cover  crops  are  considered. 
Practice  work  is  given  in  the  judging  of  corn  and  the  small 
grains,  and  in  the  study  of  grass  and  clover  seeds. 

A  practical  study  of  soil  fertility  is  made  which  includes 
such  topics  as  type  of  farming,  rotation  of  crops,  preservation 
and  use  of  manure,  application  of  fertilizers,  etc.  A  course  is 
given  in  crop  improvement  in  which  it  is  aimed  to  give  the 
student  a  working  knowledge  of  plant  breeding  as  related  to 
farm  crops  and  considering  the  underlying  principles  so  far  as 
fundamental  to  the  working  out  of  practical  methods. 


CLASS  IN  CORN  JUDGING 


Farm   Mechanics 


WITH  ihe  introduction  of  modern  power  machinery 
the  farmer  needs,  more  than  ever,  training  in  mechan- 
ical processes  and  a  good  working  knowledge  of  the 
principles  of  these  machines.  The  Farm  Mechanics 
course  at  M.  A.  C.  seeks  to  fill  this  need  and  combines  lec- 
tures with  laboratory  work  of  the  most:  practical  nature.  Be- 
side courses  in  carpenter  and  forge  shops,  the  work  embraces 
farm  construction,  power  machinery  and  general  farm  machinery. 
A  large  number  of  farm  machines  are  at  the  disposal  of  the 
students,  so  that  while  the  hand  is  becoming  skilled  in  opera- 
tion, a  mechanical  judgment  is  being  acquired  which  will  enable 
the  student  to  select  machinery  intelligently. 


IN  THE  CEMENT  LABORATORY 


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M.  A.  C.  FRUIT  SHOW  IN  1912 


Horticulture 


IORTICULTURE  is  a  broad  subject.  It  includes 
fruit-growing,  landscape  gardening,  market  garden- 
ing and  the  greenhouse  industry,  and  in  each  of 
these  divisions  there  are  distinct  lines  of  special  work. 
Since  the  subject  is  so  broad  and  so  diversified,  the 
opportunities  for  well  prepared  men  are  numerous. 

Many  of  the  students  who  have  received  Horticultural  train- 
ing in  the  College  are  now  engaged  in  practical  work  for  them- 
selves or  are  superintendents  of  fruit  farms  or  parks.  Others 
are  engaged  in  teaching  and  in  experimental  work  in  the  various 
Agricultural  Colleges  and  Experiment  Stations  and  for  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

For  the  student  who  wants  only  the  principles  of  Horti- 
culture, courses  are  offered  during  the  first  two  years  of  the 
regular  agricultural  course. 

If  a  student  wants  to  make  a  special  study  of  Horticulture 
or  any  of  its  divisions,  there  are  courses  extending  through  the 
Junior  year  on  Fruit-Growing,  Greenhouse  Industry  and  Land- 
scape Gardening  and  through  the  Senior  year  on  Plant  Breed- 
ing, Evolution  of  Plants  and  a  thesis  on  some  original  problem 
in  Horticulture.  In  addition  to  these  studies  during  the  Senior 
year  there  are  two  advanced  courses,  one  in  Pomology  and  one 
in  Landscape  Gardening  that  are  offered  during  the  entire  year. 


Poultry 


THE  demand  for  information  pertaining  to  the  poultry 
business  has  increased  greatly  during  the  past  few 
years.  It  is  not  generally  known  that  the  poultry 
and  poultry  products  of  the  state  reach  a  valuation 

almost  equal  to 
most  of  the  in- 
dividual live 
slock  products 
such  as  beef, 
mutton  or  pork. 
Poultry  rais- 
ing is  not  a  busi- 
ness confined  to 
to  the  country 
but  includes 
cities,  towns  and 
villages  as  well. 
People  engaged 
in  nearly  all  pro- 
fessions and  vo- 
cations are  in- 
terested. As  a 
result  Michigan  Agricultural  College  has  endeavored  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  situation  by  offering  general  courses  to  agri- 
culture students,  extended  courses  for  those  desiring  to  special- 
ize, in  addi- 
tion to  short 
eight  week 
courses  and 
and  one 
week  poultry 
institutes. 
The  depart- 
ment is  well 
eq  uipped 
with  build- 
ings, stocks, 
etc.,  to  do 
satisfactory 
work. 


Engineering  Course 


Michigan   Agricultural  College 


ENGINEERING  was  established  at  this  college  in 
1885.  The  first  class  was  graduated  in  1888, 
since  which  time  the  growth  has  been  continuous 
and  now  upwards  of  400  men  have  been  graduated. 
The  regular  course  is  four  years  in  length  and  leads 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 

Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  importance  of  general  training 
for  all  engineering  students  in  accordance  with  which  the 
course  is  completely  prescribed  during  the  first  two  years,  after 
which  those  having  individual  preferences  towards  civil,  me- 
chanical or  electrical  engineering  are  given  opportunity  to 
choose  their  technical  and  professional  studies  for  furtherance 
of  their  preference. 


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ENGINEERING  LABORATORY 


In  the  first  two  years,  thorough  instruction  is  given  in 
drawing,  machine  design,  shop  work,  surveying,  mathematics, 
chemistry,  physics,  English,  economics,  and  modern  languages, 
and  in  the  last  two  years  in  applied  mechanics,  electrical  and 
engineering  laboratory,  steam  engineering,  thermodynamics,  etc. 
The  business,  commercial  and  ethical  features  of  engineer- 
ing practice  are  emphasized  in  all  technical  and  professional 
studies,  especially  in  the  course  in  specifications  and  contracts, 
works  management,  engineering  accounting  and  history  of 
engineering.  Non-resident  lectures  and  inspection  trips  to 
Chicago,  Pittsburg,  Detroit  or  other  engineering  manufacturing 
centers  and  also  to  the  many  and  varied  shops  at  Lansing 
serve  to  connect  the  students  with  engineering  practice  and 
spirit. 

Our  graduates  seldom  have  difficulty  in  securing  positions; 
in  fact,  the  technical  graduate  who  is  willing  to  work  hard  and 
who  has  the  faculty  of  getting  along  with  his  fellows  will  secure 
recognition  and  suitable  financial  remuneration.  Graduates  of 
this  college,  owing  to  the  general  character  of  the  course,  by 
which  excessive  specialization  is  not  encouraged,  can  and  do 
avail  themselves  of  opportuni  ies  after  graduation  which  men  of 
the  same  age  and  experience,  with  highly  specialized  technical 
training  would  hesitate  to  consider.  This  fact  confirms  the 
view  of  a  well  known  engineer  who  says:  "I  cannot  help  a 
certain  predilection  in  favor  of  a  young  man  being  just  an 
engineer,  and  not  a  particular  kind  of  an  engineer — not  special- 
izing while  too  young, 
but  developing  along 
versatile  lines,  ready 
to  turn  his  hand  equal- 
ly well  to  any  task 
within  his  general 
scope.  The  man  who 
believes  he  can  apply 
himself  in  one  direction 
about  as  well  as  an- 
other will  come  nearer 
doing  it  than  one  who 
thinks  he  cannot." 


IpuA 

■MHl  .J -J. 

TESTING  MACHINE 


Mechanical  Engineering 


THE  distinctive  studies  of  this  department  are  shop 
work,  machine  drawing  and  design  and  engineering 
laboratory.  Shop  work  is  made  as  practical  as  pos- 
sible. Pattern  making,  forging,  moulding  and  machine 
work  are  taught  from  the  standpoint  of  the  requirements  of  the 
engineer  who  should  understand  the  nature  of  the  materials  he 
uses,  the  principles  of  their  conversion  into  forms  for  structures 
and  machines  by  the  latest  methods.  Shop  management  is 
emphasized  throughout  and  its  principles  are  also  considered  in 
the  work  of  the  draughting  room.  The  work  in  machine 
drawing  and  design  is  closely  correlated  to  the  shop  work  and 
is  applied  in  problems  in  machine  tools,  the  steam  and  the  gas 
engine.  In  the  engineering  laboratory  the  determination  of  the 
strength  of  materials  in  tension,  compression,  and  shear  is  an 
important  part  of  the  work  and  is  conducted  so  as  to  supplement 
the  class-room  work  in  theoretical  mechanics  and  materials.  An 
important  feature  of  the  laboratory  work  is  the  calibration  of 
instruments  and  their  use  in  the  efficiency  tests  of  steam  and  gas 
engines,  air  compressors,  boilers  and  other  machines.  This  work 
usually  culminates  in  a  thesis  in  which  the  student  attacks  a 
problem  designed  to  give  him  opportunity  to  display  initiative 
and  to  apply  the  principles  and  practice  previously  obtained. 

Courses  in  heating  and 
ventilation  and  in 
power  station  design 
are  given  to  seniors, 
these  subjects  being 
presented  in  such  a 
way  as  to  show  how 
the  professional  engi- 
neer attacks  problems 
in  these  fields  of  prac- 
tice. 


AT  THE  BENCH 


Civil  Engineering 


WE  strive  to  deal  thoroughly  and  well  with  the  studies  which  are 
commonly  classified  as  branches  of  civil  engineering.  Our  first 
aim  is  to  impart  instruction  of  such  a  character  that  the  learner 
may  acquire  confidence  in  his  ability  to  do  things,  the  courage 
necessary  to  undertake  practical  engineering  problems,  and  the 
technical  judgment  required  to  measure  the  correctness  of  his 
personal  accomplishment. 

This  does  not  mean  that  we  are  trying  to  produce  specialists.  Rather, 
we  expect  to  give  a  young  man  a  training  for  practical  work,  even  though  he 
may  not  complete  the  full  course  in  engineering.  At  the  same  time,  this 
training  in  all  lines  is  fundamental  so  that  our  graduates  can  be  used  for  effi- 
cient service  in  varied  applications  of  engineering. 


iui 

l'     A 

w 

*  l'h 

VI 

READY  FOR  FIELD  WORK 

Every  effort  is  made  to  inculcate  the  true  student  spirit,  so  that  every 
experience  in  practical  work  shall  add  to  the  young  man's  equipment  for 
progress.  In  this  way  we  teach  engineering  drawing,  land  surveying,  city 
surveying,  railroad  surveying  and  construction,  drainage,  sewerage,  water  sup- 
plies, cement  testing,  concrete  construction,  bridge  design,  road  making,  water 
power  development,  dam  construction  and  other  subjects  in  the  program  of 
our  engineering  course. 

Hundreds  of  young  men  who  have  studied  here  are  now  doing  creditable 
work  in  all  of  the  fields  of  activity  just  enumerated. 


Electrical 
-Engineering- 


I  N  C  E  electricity 
enters  every  phase 
of  human  activity 
today,  there  is  not 

THE  WHIR  OF  DYNAMOS  only  a  very  great 

demand    for    men    acquainted 

with  electrical  matters  but  it  is  even  desirable  that  everybody  should  know 
something  of  the  uses  of  electricity. 

The  course  in  electrical  engineering  at  the  Michigan  Agricultural  Col- 
lege is  intended  to  provide  that  basic  training  in  the  subject  which,  combined 
with  some  knowledge  of  mechanical  and  civil  engineering,  will  fit  a  young 
man  to  enter  the  electrical  activities  of  the  present  day.  Beginning  the  study 
of  electricity  in  the  subject  of  physics,  the  student  investigates  the  methods  of 
electrical  measurements  of  all  kinds  and  the  construction  and  operation  of 
all  kinds  of  dynamo  electric  machines.  The  time  spent  at  this  work  covers 
two  years  after  the  basic  work  has  been  completed.  Our  graduates  now 
hold  positions  in  every  line  of  electrical  work. 


Physics 


As  taught  at  the  college  physics  is  fundamental  for  all  the  courses. 
The  department  of  physics  has  a  complete  outfit  of  apparatus  for  laboratory 
work  and  each  student  must  perform  from  thirty  to  eighty  experiments 
covering  the  whole  subject. 
The  subject  is  taught  in 
separate  classes  to  women, 
agricultural  and  engineering 
students  and  those  features 
are  emphasized  which  are 
of  particular  importance  in 
each  course. 


--         "                          -                          &T3" 

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MAIN  CORRIDOR  ENGINEERING  HALL 


H 


ome  Hconomics- 


THE  aim  of  the  course  in  Home  Economics  is  to  apply 
science  to  the  duties  of  the  home  in  cookery,  sew- 
ing, millinery,  house  decoration,  home  nursing,  etc. 
In  addition  to  the  technical  work,  splendid  general 
culture  training,  including  two  years  of  free  instruction  on  the 
piano,  is  given.  A  course  in  the  science  of  education  is  also 
given  for  those  who  wish  to  teach. 

That  there  is  an  increasing  interest  in  home  economics  is 
evidenced  in  various  ways.  The  public  schools  all  over  the 
state  are  rapidly  adding  cookery  and  sewing  to  their  courses. 
The  various  phases  are  being  discussed  by  the  women's  clubs, 
while  the  pure  food  agitation,  civic  improvement  leagues,  etc., 
all  touch  upon  household  problems. 

The  Women's  Building  in  which  the  technical  work  of 
the  course  is  given,  also  provides  homes  for  120  young  women. 
This  building  is  equipped  with  every  modern  convenience  and 
the  surroundings  are  ideal. 

It  has  been  neces- 
sary the  past  year  to 
make  provision  for  the 
overflow  of  resident 
women  m  Howard 
Terrace,  an  adjacent 
building. 


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WOODWORKING  ROOM— WOMEN'S  BUILDING 
Where  many  useful  articles  for  the  home  may  be  made 


DOMESTIC  ART 

Dressmaking  is  one  of  the  features  of  the  Women's  Course 


Forestry 


THE  Forestry  Course  was  established  in  1902  to 
meet  the  demand  for  technical  training  in  this  special 
line.  As  the  underlying  principles  of  forestry  and 
agriculture  are  almost  indentical,  the  first  two  years 
of  the  Forestry  Course  are  essentially  the  same  as  those  of  the 
Agricultural  Course.  The  advanced  technical  work  in  forestry 
is  given  in  the  Junior  and  Senior  years  and  includes  such  sub- 
jects as  dendrology,  forest  field  methods,  silviculture,  state  forest 
law,  wood  preservation,  etc. 

A  moment's  reflection  will  serve  to  show  the  particular 
advantages   afforded   by  this  College  for 
forestry  work.     As  a  college  of  applied 
science,    it    has    exceptionally  well 
equipped  laboratories  in  which  may 
be  studied  the  structure  of  woods, 
the  principles  of  wood  preserv- 
ation, and  the  habits   of  forest 
insect     enemies     and     their 
control. 

A  feature  of  the 
work  is  the  summer 
term  the  members  of 
the  upper  classes  be- 
ing required  to  spend  a 
certain  amount  of  time 
in  the  forests  studying 
actual  lumbering  oper- 
ations. 


Veterinary  Science 


THE  present  veterinary  science  course  was  established  by  an  adt  of 
the  State  Legislature  during  the  year  1907,  and  subsequently 
action  by  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  on  October  21,  1909, 
authorized  a  full  course  veterinary  college  in  connection  with 
this  institution,  under  the  designation  of  the  Veterinary  Division, 
Michigan  Agricultural  College.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  new  divi- 
sion to  maintain  a  veterinary  college  with  the  highest  ideals  and  to  train  its 
students  to  be  veterinarians  competent  to  recognize,  cope  with,  and  suppress 
all  animal  ailments  or  plagues,  and  so  aid  in  lessening  the  diseases  among 
animals,  as  well  as  co-operate  in  the  protection  of  human  health  and  life 
against  diseases  of  animal  origin. 


The  resources  of  the  college  have  enabled  the  division  to  secure  un- 
excelled equipment,  and  the  local  facilities  for  combining  vocational  and 
cultural  studies  are  especially  valuable  in  building  a  foundation  knowledge 
that  will  enable  the  students  to  intelligently  undertake  the  work  that  may 
arise  in  one  or  another  of  the  many  fields  open  to  the  qualified  veterinarian. 
Besides  the  instruction  immediately  available  in  the  \  eterinary  division,  the 
course  at  this  institution  has  as  an  added  advantage  through  the  co-operation 
of  the  departments  of  animal  husbandry,  bacteriology,  botany  chemistry, 
entomology,  and  zoology,  where  supplementary  woik  very  materially 
strengthens  the  purely  technical  training. 

Students  completing  the  four  year  Veterinary  Science  Course  will  readily 
find  opportunities  and  excellent  fields  for  practice  within  the  state,  for  with 
less  than  one  veterinarian  to  ten  doctors  of  human  medicine,  the  balance  of 
opportunity  seems  to  favor  the  former,  and  moreover  the  increasing  con- 
fidence in  the  trained  man,  the  improved  quality  of  live  stock,  and  the  added 
fact  that  many  cities  are  finding  it  feasible  to  appoint  veterinary  inspectors  of 
markets,  abattoirs,  meats,  milk  and  other  dairy  products,  are  all  attractive 
openings  offered  in  the  profession  today. 


Bacteriology 


THE  Department  of  Bacteriology  and  Hygiene  aims 
to  furnish  such  fundamental  training  and  knowledge 
as  will  prepare  the  student  to  interpret  correctly  those 
microbiological  problems  of  agriculture  and  domestic 
science  with  which  he  may  be  confronted  in  actual  life.  Many 
phenomena  are  also  considered  for  the  purpose  of  broadening 
the  outlook. 

Specifically,  the  goal  to  be  reached  is  found  in  the  micro- 
biology of  the  dairy,  of  soil,  of  food,  of  sanitation,  of  diseases. 
An  understanding  of  these  can  be  obtained  only  through  the 
basic  principles  controlling  the  entire  field  of  this  branch  of  science, 
accordingly  some  attention  must  be  given  to  general  microbiology. 
The  department  strives  to  intensify  the  useful  and  imme- 
diately applicable  knowledge.  To  accomplish  this,  special  sig- 
nificance is  given  by  classes  in  sanitation  and  in  hygiene  of  foods. 

To  make  knowledge  avail- 
able to  man,  it  is  necessary  that 
he  be  in  position  to  apply  it  to 
his  advantage  without  effort. 
The  realization  of  this  is  only 
through  thorough  laboratory  in- 
struction where  he  actually  puts 
into  effect  the  conceptions  of  the 
mind.  Without  this  training  the 
student  falls  short  in  acquiring  a 
"working  or  practical  knowl- 
edge." 


Botanical    Department 


I^JTYT  is  not  so  generally  recognized  as  it  should  be  that  a  knowledge 
of  some  of  the  fundamental  facts  of  Botany  lie  at  the  bottom 
A  of  many  of  the  great  improvements  in  agricultural  arid  horticul- 
1  tural  practices  that  are  now  beginning  to  find  their  way  to  the 
farms.  Methods  of  combatting  plant  diseases  could  not  be 
worked  out  successfully  until  the  botany  of  the  fungi  causing 
them  had  been  studied.  The  scientific  use  of  fertilizers,  which  is  just  be- 
ginning to  be  looked  into,  is  impossible  without  a  knowledge  cf  the  life  proc- 
esses (Physiology)  of  plants.  To  the  farmer  without  at  least  a  knowledge 
of  the  common  principles  of  Botany,  most  of  the  processes  used  in  growing  a 
crop  are  mere  rule  of  thumb  methods  which  become  intelligible  only  with  a 
study  of  botany. 

The  Botanical  Department  offers  courses  in  Botany  in  which,  to  begin 
with,  a  structure  of  plants  are  studied,  then  a  number  of  different  kinds  of 
plants  including  some  of  the  disease  producing  fungi  are  carefully  gone  over 
and  finally  the  student  is  shown  the  way  of  finding  out  for  himself  the  kinds 
of  plants  he  is  dealing  with.  With  this  as  a  foundation,  he  devotes  some 
time  to  a  study  of  the  life  processes  and  the  minute  structure  of  plants.  He 
may  then,  if  he  wishes,  make  a  further  study  of  plant  diseases  and  of  the 
fungi  causing  them  or  a  more  intimate  study  of  the  physiology  of  plants.  He 
may  also  make  a  study  of  weeds,  especially  learning  to  know  the  seeds  of 
weeds  so  that  when  buying  seed  for  agricultural  purposes,  he  can  tell  with  what 
the  samples  offered  are  contaminated.    Other  lines  of  botany  are  also  available. 


THE  WILD  GARDEN 


Department  of  Chemistry- 


|^^^^|HEMISTRY  is  a  fundamental  science  in  every  line  of  endeavor. 
I    B  I  At  the  present  time  eighteen  different  courses  are  given  by  this 

LhJ  department  at  M.  A.  C.  in  order  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  Students. 
OrSCttJSKI  General   Elementary  Chemistry  is  required  of  all  freshmen, 

the  aim  being  to  develop  in  the  Student  an  appreciation  for  ex- 
perimental Study  and  the  proper  training  of  the  mind,  thus  laying  the  found- 
ation for  technical  chemistry  as  applied  to  Agriculture,  Engineering,  Home 
Economics,  etc.  This  is  accomplished  by  a  thorough  Study  of  the  basic 
principles  by  means  of  suitable  laboratory  and  lecture  room  experiments. 

From  this  point  the  engineering  Students  take  up  more  in  detail  the  Study 
of  engineering  materials  such  as  the  common  metals  of  construction,  fuels  and 
combustion,  lubricating  oils,  etc.,  with  reference  to  their  occurrence,  produc- 
tion and  analysis. 

All  other  Students  now  take  up  the  Study  of  organic  chemistry  which 
gives  them  the  foundation  for  the  more  specialized  courses  needed  in  the 
divisions  of  agriculture,  domestic  science,  forestry  and  veterinary  science. 

With  a  new  building  and  additional  equipment  during  the  paSt  year, 
the  department  is  in  excellent  condition  to  handle  the  large  number  of 
Students  now  enrolled  for  this  work. 


IN  THE  LABORATORY 


MECHANICAL  DRAWING 


D 


rawing- 


DRAWING  has  an  undisputed  cultural  value  in  a  system  of 
education,  in  addition  to  its  technical  value.  However,  who- 
ever pursues  the  technical  phase  alone  cannot  help  feeling  a 
general  broadening  influence.  The  women  are  required  to  take 
drawing  most  nearly  allied  to  the  general  cultural  aspect  of  the 
subject — model  drawing  in  pencil  and  charcoal,  elementary 
mechanical  drawing  and  some  applied  design,  together  with  history  of  art 
and  an  option  in  water  color  and  elementary  design. 

The  work  of  the  Agricultural  students  is  confined  to  mechanical  drawing 
in  the  freshmen  year  and  topographical  in  the  senior  year.  The  engineers  in 
addition  to  the  above  get  descriptive  geometry,  shades,  shadows  and  per- 
spective. 

The  department 
is  very  adequately 
equipped  for  all 
phases  of  the  draw- 
ing and  it  is  hoped 
that  if  conditions 
arise  we  willbe  fully 
prepared  to  give 
more  attention  to 
the  aesthetic  side  of 
drawing.  The  de- 
partment has  many 
casts,  models,  still 
life  material,  pic- 
tures and  lantern 
slides,  and  the 
equipment  is  being 
added  to  a  little  at  a 
time  continuously. 


A  CORNER  OF  THE  FREEHAND  DRAWING  ROOM 


Entomology 


THE  work  of  the  department  of  Entomology  is  wholly 
of  an  applied  nature.  An  introductory  course  in 
the  Sophomore  year  aims  to  prepare  all  students, 
save  those  in  Engineering  and  in  Veterinary  work, 
for  receiving  instruction  in  the  recognition  and  control 
of  pests  and  of  friendly  insects  with  which  they  are  likely  to 
meet  in  the  pursuit  of  their  several  callings.  Separate  courses 
are  offered  for  the  use  of  fruit  men  and  market  gardeners,  for 
general  farmers  who  depend  on  stock  and  field-crops,  for 
foresters,  both  a  short  demonstration  in  the  big  woods  and  a 
more  intimate  study  in  the  lecture-room.  There  is,  furthermore, 
a  course  of  lectures  and  laboratory  work  for  the  women  on 
insects  likely  to  be  met  about  the  garden  and  home.  Besides 
these  there  are  opportunities  for  the  student  to  pursue  more 
extended  studies  along  the  line  of  scale-insects,  green-house 
insects,  parasites  of  domesticated  animals,  or  systematic  work 
along  some  natural  group. 

As  will  be  seen,  the  energy  of  the  whole  department  is 
aimed  to  give  an  understanding  of  such  facts  as  will  enable  the 
the  farmer  to  raise  larger  crops;  for  the  fruit-grower  to  raise 
better  quality  fruit  and  more  of  it;  for  the  forester  to  raise  more 

young  trees,  and  to 
protect  from  their 
enemies  those  already 
grown;  for  one  to  dis- 
pose of  many  annoy- 
ances and  often  men- 
aces to  health,  to  be 
found  in  the  home 
and  its  natural  sur- 
roundings, besides 
helping  to  fit  students 
for  special  callings  of 
varied  nature  wher- 
ever knowledge  of 
special  insects  is  to  be 
desired.  Up  to  the 
present  the  work  given 
all  leads  to  practical 
ends. 


Department  of 

Zoology  and 

—Physiology— 


THE    sciences  —  zoology     and 
comparative  anatomy,   physi- 
ology, geology  and  mineralogy 
are  taught  by  the  Department 
of  Zoology  and    Physiology, 
and  the  field  covered  is  conse- 
quently a  very  broad  one.     Zoology  and 
comparative  anatomy  involve  studies  of  the 
varied   forms  of  animal   life,    with   special 
reference   to   similarity  of  structure  (com- 
parative anatomy)  and  its  bearing  on  the 
theories  of  descent  with  modification.  The 
WOODCHUCK  later  studies  in  cell  structure,  embryology 

and  heredity,  are  taken  up  in  preparation 
for  the  special  problems  in  plant  and  animal  breeding  which  confront  the 
progressive  farmer  of  today. 

Animal  physiology  is  a  study  of  the  life  processes  common  to  all  animals, 
the  way  they  eat,  grow,  multiply  and  die,  with  special  reference  to  the  do- 
mesticated and  semi-domesticated  forms  which  may  be  useful  to  man,  as  well 
as  those  wild  species  which  are  harmful  and  must  be  controlled  or  extermi- 
nated. The  student  of  geology  and  mineralogy  takes  up  the  composition  and 
properties  of  the  common  minerals  and  rocks,  whose  decay  forms  soils,  as 
well  as  the  processes  by  which  these  soils  are  accumulated  and  distributed, 
enriched  or  impoverished. 

In  brief,  the  department  aims  to  teach  the 
foundation  facts  necessary  to  understand  the  soil 
and  the  life  which  it  produces  for  man  and 
beast,  and  to  show  the  structure  and  adaptation 
of  animal  life  to  the  manifold  uses  of  man  and 
the  possible  ways  in  which  it  can  be  made 
more  useful. 

As  an  indispensable  aid  to  the  student  in 
these  sciences,  and  as  a  stimulus  to  closer  observ- 
ation and  study,  the  college  maintains  a  general 
museum,  second  to  none  in  the  state,  which  is 
under  the  charge  of  the  professor  of  zoology  and 
physiology.  Here  may  be  found  specimens  of  all 
the  land  animals  and  most  of  the  fish  of  the  state, 
together  with  birds,  birds'  eggs,  shells,  corals,  etc., 
and  good  collections  of  minerals,  rocks  and  fossils. 
New  specimens  are  being  added  constantly  and 
the  museum  is  open  to  the  public  daily  without 
charge. 


PEACOCK 


STOCK  JUDGING  CLASS 


Short  Winter  Courses- 


N  ORDER  that  young  men  who  cannot  take  a  regular  college 
course  may  receive  some  practical  training  along  agricultural 
lines,  there  have  been  established  special  short  courses  in  general 
agriculture,  creamery  management,  fruit  culture,  poultry  culture, 
and  cheese  making.  These  courses  are  held  during  the  winter 
months.  No  entrance  examinations  are  required.  345  men 
were  enrolled  for  these  courses  during  the  past  winter. 


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WINTER  ON  THE  CAMPUS 


Student    Organizations- 


THE  Y.  W.  and  Y.  M.  C.  A.  maintain  active  organ- 
izations and  are  doing  valuable  work  along  their 
respective  lines.  Eighteen  literary  societies  hold 
weekly  meetings.  Chapters  of  the  Alpha  Zeta,  Tau 
Beta  Pi  and  Onicron  Nu  fraternities,  membership  in  which  is 
based  on  high  rank  in  scholarship,  have  also  been  organized. 
There  are  also  various  clubs  formed  by  students  interested  in 
particular  lines  of  agricultural  or  engineering  work.  The  chorus 
and  two  glee  clubs  provide  excellent  training  for  those  who  sing. 
The  Cadet  Band  is  military  in  character,  is  composed  of 
over  30  members  and  one  of  the  best  organizations  of  its  kind 
in  the  country.  The  band  is  an  important  factor  in  all  college 
activities. 


EXCURSION  DAY 


Athletics 


A^  THLETIC  sports  form  an  important  part  in  the 
m^  college  activities,  though  they  are  not  carried  to 
S8&391  excess  nor  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  regular 
college  work.  The  department  has  a  fine  athletic  field  of 
1  3  acres. 

The  annual  interscholastic 
high  school  meet,  held  at  M. 
A.  C.  each  spring,  has  become 
an  important  feature. 


CHAMPIONS  1912 


HOCKEY 

UT-OF-DOOR  sports  furnish  abundant  opportunity 
for  vigorous,  healthful  exercise.  A  two-story  gym- 
nasium with  excellent  equipment  is  available  for 
young  women  students  and  a  definite  amount  of 
this  work  is  required. 

Three  years 
of  military 
drill  is  requir- 
ed. The  ad- 
vantages ac- 
quired are 
dignity  ofcar- 
riage,  gentle- 
manly  de- 
portment, 
neatness  and 
punctuality. 
Rifle  prac- 
tice is  a  feat- 
ure. 


THE  ARMORY  AND  BATH  HOI 


w 


HOSPITAL 

ITH  one  main  hospital,  and  four  detention  hospitals 
for  contagious  diseases,  the  health  of  the  student 
body  is  safeguarded.     Every  precaution  is  taken  to 


prevent  disease,  and  the  best  of  care  given  those  who  are 


DETENTION  HOSPITALS 


Students  are  often  able 

to  earn  a  portion  of  their  college  expenses 

by  outside  work 


Expenses 


S  it  is  not  necessary  to 
depend  entirely  upon 
fees  and  tuition  for 
he  running  expenses 
of  the  institution,  it  will  readily 
be  seen  that  the  cost  of  a  college 
course  at  M.  A.  C.  is  very 
small  as  compared  with  the  ex- 
penses at  other  high-class  insti- 
tutions. Students  at  M.  A.  C. 
live  modestly  and  social  life 
has  not  the  expensive  features  of  many  of  the  larger  schools. 
With  no  tuition  and  with  rooms  and  board  at  the  minimum 
figure,  it  is  possible  for  the  student  of  limited  means  to  live 
comfortably  on  a  comparatively  small  sum.  The  average 
student  spends  from  two  hundred  fifty  to  three  hundred  dollars 
per  year. 


Requirements  for  Admission- 


G'^^RADUATES  from  high  schools  approved  by  the  college  will 
be  admitted  without  examination  to  any  of  the  four-year  courses, 
upon  presentation  of  entrance  blank  signed  by  Principal  or 
^SZxZZ  Superintendent.  Applicants  for  admission  to  the  four-year 
J>?5^S£  courses  who  have  not  graduated  from  approved  high  schools,  in 
^^^^™ ^  addition  to  other  credits,  will  be  required  to  pass  an  examination 
in  algebra  through  quadratic  equations,  plane  and  solid  geometry,  elementary 
physics,  and  in  English  including  rhetoric  and  composition. 

The  object  of  the  five-year  courses  is  to  offer  mature  young  men  and 
women  who  have  not  been  able  to  complete  a  high  school  course,  an  oppor- 
tunity to  secure  a  college  training.  To  enter  one  of  the  five-year  courses 
the  student  should  have  had  work  equivalent  to  that  given  during  the  first 
two  years  in  a  good  high  school. 


-The  College  Catalogue- 


The  College  Catalogue  is  issued  in  the  spring  term  of  each  year,  and 
gives  a  complete  description  of  the  courses  of  sludy,  equipment,  etc.  It  will 
be  mailed  free  of  charge  to  anyone  interested.     Address 

J.  L.  Snyder,  President, 

East  Lansing,  Michigan. 


3,,«, 


